Joshua rose



stimuli saw am mag ggg egaw Letters Patent No. 87,974, dated Ma/rch 16,1869.

IMPROVED nncnssma-noon The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the lame.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I,JosrmA Rosn, of the city, county, and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Rock-Drills, or Recessiug-Tools; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear,- and exact description thereof, which will enable those'skilled in the art to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawing, forming part of this specification, in which drawing Figure 1 represents a sectional side elevation of this invention.

Figure 2 is a longitudinal central section thereof.

Figure 3 is a detached section of the hinged footpiece of the drill-rod.

- Figures 4 and 5 show holes made with the common, and with my new tool.

Similar letters indicate corresponding parts.

This invention relates to drills, or tools for recessing the bottoms of bores, or holes in rocks, or other materials or places, so as to produce an enlargement, or chamher, to contain the powder or other explosive material used for blasting such rock or other material.

The invention consists in a drill, or recessing-tool, provided with one or more hinged bits, and an expansion-piece, or spreader, of suitable form for forcing the bits outward against the sides of any hole, or bore into which the tool is introduced, in such a manner that any force or blow used on the top, or head of the tool, or the concussion of the tool, in striking upon the bottom of the'hole, or bore, or, in other words, any concussion, will cause the bit or bits to fly suddenly outward, against the sides of the hole, or bore, and thereby break away such sides, and in that manner enlarge the diameter, or size of the hole, or bore, and produce a recess, or chamber, for receiving the blasting, or explosive material.

My invention enables me to use whatever blasting, or explosive material is employed, in a much more effective manner than has heretofore been known, the surfaces against which the explosive material acts being not only largely increased in extent, (without necessarily requiring any increase in the size, or quantity of the charge,) but such surfaces being oi'such a form and character that much of the force of the charge is exerted'upward, being directed, or exerted against the top and upper angle of the enlargement, or chamber, and thebottom of such enlargement, or chamber serving 'as a recoil-bearing, and thereby promoting the chicicncy of the charge.

A represents a drill-rod, which is provided with a hinged foot-piece,-B, the connection between said rod and the foot-piece being effected by a pivot, a, which passes through two cars I), at the lower end of the drillrod, and through two ears 0, projecting from the footpiece, as is clearly shown in the drawing.

The holes in the ears 0 of-the foot-piece are'oblong, so that said foot-piece is free to move a short distance in the direction of the length of the drill-rod.

The top of the foot-piece, between the ears 0, is roofshaped, as shown in fig. 1, and from the pivot a are suspended one or more bits, 0, which are made in the form of hooks, as shown, and the bottom edges of which are held in contact with the sides of the roofshaped top d, of the foot piece B, by the action of a spring, 6.

When the bits are in this position, theircutting-edges areparallel, or nearly so, with the sides of the drill-rod.

To facilitate the removal and reinsertion of the bits, the pivot a ought to be made in the form of a screw.

The operation is as follows:

When a hole has been bored in a rock, by. an ordinary rock-drill, to the desired depth, and it is desired to increase the force and efficiency of the blast, I introduce my tool, allowing the foot-piece to rest upon the bottom of the bore, or drill-hole. I then, by a hammer or other means, strike the top of the drill-rod A, and, at each blow, the bits 0 are caused to 'slide down over the roof-shaped top of the foot-piece, whereby they are spread, and their cutting-edges thrust suddenly out against the sides of the bore, or drill-hole- By repeating the blows, and turning the drill-rod, a recess, or enlarged chamber is formed, at or'near the bottom of the hole, as shown in fig. 4, and by this recess, or enlargement, the blasting-force of the charge is materially increased.

Instead of striking the drill-rod with a hammer, or applying the concussive force from above, the tool may be operated simply by raising it and letting it drop down, and in this case the bits will be spread, by the concussion of the bottom of the tool against the bottom of the bore, or drill-hole, and the desired enlarge- I ment of said hole will thereby be effected.

It is obvious that the bits can bereversed, and hinged to the foot-piece, and in this case the roof-shaped spreader, or expansion-piece, is attached to the lower end of the drill-rod.

If the number of the bits is increased beyond two, the spreader, or expansion-piece, must be made in the form of a pyramid, or cone.

By means of my invention, a drill-hole, or bore, of one and one-half inch diameter, provided, at or near its bottom, with a recess, or enlargement, as above set forth, will Iiold a charge of powder equal to the capacity of a much larger borc without such recess; and as thetaniping-plug is applied in the main bore, the area i of. the plug is consequently much less than the diameter of the recess, which contains the main portion of the charge, and the plug is not liable to be driven out by the explosion, as when. a plain drill-hole is used v throughout.

- Moreover, the labor and expense of ramming, are, by

my invention, decreased, because, as the diameter of the main drill-hole above the recess is not required to be of large size,the labor of ramming is less for any given amount of powder than would 'be required in a drill-hole of larger diameter.

Figures 4, 5, 5, and 7, on sheet 2 of the drawings, represent the common inode of making drill-holes for blasting and also the improved method of producing recesses, or enlargements at the place where the charge, or the blast, is to act.

My invention is applicable to mining-purposes, and to all uses where it is required to use a powerful and economical blast.

It is also applicable to recessing the holes in stones, for receiving and securing iron railing; also, to recess- Again, the recess, or enlargement, weakens the rock at the point where it is of the most advantage in blast ing that it should be weakened, and, in consequence, the explosion of the charge throws the broken, or shattered rock, or stone, upward and outward, in every direction, instead of merel splitting it, as when a plain drill-hole, or bore is used, as at present, thus saving much labor and expense, because it often requires an immense amount of time to wedge and quarry out rocks which, though broken, or split, are yet not dis-- turbed from their beds by the blast.

It is common, according to the present mode, to blast a-hole the second time, in order to save expense in quarrying. But my invention enables me, with a single blast, to break the rock, not only, but also to throw the fragments upward, and make them accessi-w ble to the laborers. r

My invention effectually accomplishes some of the principal objects which are sought after in blasting, such, for instance, as getting a large charge in a small drill-hole; confining the charge effectually, so as to cause it-to expend its whole force against the rock; blasting near the bottom of the hole, throwing out, or displacing the shattered rock, so as to save crowbarring and wedging; and bursting the rock, instead of only splitting it.

fastening hooks'for lifting heavy blocks; and, in general, to other such purposes, the recess, or enlargement, enabling me to lock the parts more effectually than can be done by the ordinary method,

Having thus described my invention,

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

The foot-piece B, provided with slotted ears 0, and spreader, or expansion-piece d, in combination with the drill-rod A, and hinged bits 0, acted upon by the spring 0, all as shown and described.

JOSHUA ROSE.

Witnesses J. W. CHERRY, GEO. P. Enron.

iug holes in bed-stones of cranes and derricks', also for 

